Weather // Clima

Exercise 1

Exercise 2

Exercise 3

Exercise 4

Can // Poder, hablar de habilidades y permisos

Can is used to express ability or to say that something is possible.

Can is the same for all subjects. We don't add an 'S' in the third person (like other verbs)

The verb that comes after Can is in the infinitive without to:

• I can speak Spanish. (= it is possible for me to speak Spanish = I have the ability to speak Spanish)
• He can swim well.
• We can see our neighbour in the garden.
• They can play the guitar.

For more uses of Can see: Modal Verbs: Can - Could

Negative

To form the negative we add "not" after can to form one word: cannot.

We can also contract the negative to form can't. (can't = cannot)

• I cannot play the piano. We can't go to the cinema tonight.
• She cannot speak French very well. He can't drive a car.

Questions

To from the question we change the position of the subject and the auxiliary verb.

The main verb is still in the infinitive without to.

• Where can I buy an ice-cream?
• Can I go to the party, please?
• Can you speak Japanese?
• What can we do on Saturday?

Remember that you can use short answers:

• Can I sit here please? Yes, you can.
• Can you speak Chinese? No, I can't.

Exercise 1

Exercise 2

Exercise 3

Exercise 4

Places In the city// Lugares en la ciudad

airport - the place you go when you want to travel by plane to another city.

bakery - you can buy fresh bread and cakes here.

bank - you deposit or withdraw/take out your money here. You can cash a cheque.

bookstore - a place where you can buy books and magazines.

bus station - the place you go when you want to travel by bus to another city.

butcher's - they sell fresh meat.

café - you can buy a cup of coffee and cakes or sandwiches.

church - a religious place of worship

court - the place where they have trials and law cases. A judge works here

craft market - a place that sells typical products (normally hand-made) of a region/country.

department store - a large store that sells clothes, household appliances etc. in sections.

cinema/movies - you can see the latest movies here. Many people eat popcorn while they're here.

fire station - the building where firemen keep their equipment including the fire-engine

gas / petrol station - the place you go to put petrol (gas) in your car.

gym - you can do exercises, weight training and keep fit here.

hairdresser's - you go here when you want to cut your hair.

hospital - you go here when you need an operation or someone is going to have a baby.

hotel - where you sleep when you visit another city.

gallery - you can see paintings and other works of art.

jail / prison - criminals are sent here by a judge for a number of days or years.

laundromat / launderette - a place where you can wash your clothes in coin-operated machines.

library - a place where you can read and borrow books.

museum - you can see many old objects (and sometimes paintings)

pharmacy/drugstore - you can buy medicine and (legal) drugs.

police station - you are taken here when you break the law and are arrested

pub - a place where you can buy a beer or other types alcoholic drinks

park - An area of public land in a city that contains an area of grass where you can rest, play or walk your dog. Sometimes children can play on swings, a slide or a climbing frame here.

restaurant - you go here when you don't want to cook at home. They prepare meals for you.

school - a place where children learn. You normally start school at the age of 5.

square - an open area within a city in the shape of a square. It is usually the heart of the city.

supermarket - a large store that sells food, drinks and household items

video store - you rent a movie or a DVD for a couple of days from this place.

zoo - a place where you can see many types of animals in cages.

Plural de sust. comunes

Nouns ending with -y// sustantivos terminando con y

we change the y to ies// cambiamos la y a ies:

When they finish with ch, s, sh, x or z we change it to "es"

Cuando terminan con ch, s, sh, x o z, lo cambiamos a es:

BUT THERE IS AN EXCEPTION TO THE RULE!!!!!, WHEN THE WORD THAT FINISHES WITH CH IS PRONUNCED LIKE "K", WE DONT USE ES, WE MUST USE "S"

PERO HAY UNA EXCEPCIÓN A LA REGLA!!! CUANDO LA PALABRA QUE TERMINA EN CH SE PRONUNCIA COMO K, NO SE USA ES, DEBEMOS USAR S:

Ending with F and FE we change them to VES// los que terminan con F y FE cambian a VES

Those that end in two vowels plus F form the plural just by adding an S //Los que terminan en dos vocales más F, forman el plural añadiendo una S:

To the nouns finishing with an O we just add an S in the end // A los sustantivos que terminan en O les agregamos una S:

Exercise 1

Exercise 2

Exercise 3

Exercise 4

Verbo to be Negativo

Estructura: sujeto+verbo+not+.....

When we are talking to someone important, we have to use a formal languaje, so we dont use contractions// Cuando hablamos con alguien importante, debemos usar un lenguaje formal, entonces no usamos contracciones: 

Exercise 1
Exercise 2
Exercise 3

Talking About Existance // Hablando sobre existencia

When we say that something exists, we normally begin the sentence with there + verb to be (is/are). // Cuando decimos que algo existe, normalmente empezamos la oración con "There" + "verb to be"

Examples:

                                                                                         

(a) There is a boy at the door.

                  Hay un niño en la puerta.

There are some pens on the table.(b)

                                                          Hay algunas lapiceras en la mesa. 

                                         

                                                                                                                                              (c)

-Hello? Is there anobody home? //¿Hola? ¿Hay alguien en casa?

                               - No, there isn't.// No, no hay. 

In case A we use  THERE IS because IS is used with singular nouns.// En el caso A usamos "There Is" porque "IS" se usa con sustantivos singulares.

In Case B we use THERE ARE because ARE is used with plural nouns.  // En el caso B usamos "There Are" porque "are" se usa con sustantivos plurales, en este caso hay varias lapiceras.
In case C we use "Is There....?" because it's a question. // En el caso C usamos "Is There...?" porque es una pregunta.

Interrogative Pronouns / Pronombres Interrogativos

When we speak, we usually make questions. To make questions we need "Interrogative Pronouns", for example if you want to ask someone where does he/she live, "where" is an interrogative pronoun./ Cuando hablamos solemos hacer preguntas. Para hacer preguntas necesitamos pronombres interrogativos; por ejemplo si le querés preguntar a alguien dónde vive, tenés que usar el "dónde". "Dónde" en este caso es un pronombre interrogativo.

Here's a list of the most common interrogative pronouns/ Acá hay una lista de los pronombres interrogativos más comunes:

What? - ¿Qué? (en algunos casos ¿cuál?)
Where? - ¿Dónde?
Why? - ¿Por qué?
How? - ¿Cómo?
How old? (are you, is he/she) - ¿Cuántos años? (tenés, tiene el/ella)
Who? - ¿Quién?
Which? - ¿Cuál? (refiriéndose a algún objeto/persona dentro de un grupo)
Whose? - ¿De quién? (pertenencia)

What are you doing? ¿Qué estás haciendo?
I'm studying / Estoy estudiando 

What is your favourite colour? ¿Cuál es tu color favorito?
My favourite colour is green. / Mi color favorito es el verde

Where do you live? ¿Dónde vivís?
I live in Villa La Angostura. / Vivo en Villa La Angostura

Why are you at school? ¿Por qué estás en la escuela?
Because I study here. / Porque estudio acá

How do I make a cake? ¿Cómo cocino una torta?
You need flour, eggs (...) / Necesitás harina, huevos (...)

How old are you? ¿Cuántos años tenés?
I'm 13 years old. / Tengo 13 años

Who is she? ¿Quién es ella?
She is my sister Rigoberta. / Ella es mi hermana Rigoberta.

Which shoes do you like? ¿Qué zapato te gusta?
I like these! / ¡Me gustan éstos!

Whose bike is this? ¿De quién es esta bicicleta?
It's my brother's bike! / ¡Es la bicicleta de mi hermano!